317 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
317 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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name: flutter-development
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description: Build beautiful cross-platform mobile apps with Flutter and Dart. Covers widgets, state management with Provider/BLoC, navigation, API integration, and material design.
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---
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# Flutter Development
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## Overview
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Create high-performance, visually stunning mobile applications using Flutter with Dart language. Master widget composition, state management patterns, navigation, and API integration.
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## When to Use
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- Building iOS and Android apps with native performance
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- Designing custom UIs with Flutter's widget system
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- Implementing complex animations and visual effects
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- Rapid app development with hot reload
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- Creating consistent UX across platforms
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## Instructions
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### 1. **Project Structure & Navigation**
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```dart
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// pubspec.yaml
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name: my_flutter_app
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version: 1.0.0
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dependencies:
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flutter:
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sdk: flutter
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provider: ^6.0.0
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http: ^1.1.0
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go_router: ^12.0.0
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// main.dart with GoRouter navigation
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import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
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import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
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void main() {
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runApp(const MyApp());
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}
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class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
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const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);
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@override
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Widget build(BuildContext context) {
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return MaterialApp.router(
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title: 'Flutter App',
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theme: ThemeData(primarySwatch: Colors.blue, useMaterial3: true),
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routerConfig: _router,
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);
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}
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}
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final GoRouter _router = GoRouter(
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routes: <RouteBase>[
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GoRoute(
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path: '/',
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builder: (context, state) => const HomeScreen(),
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routes: [
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GoRoute(
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path: 'details/:id',
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builder: (context, state) => DetailsScreen(
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itemId: state.pathParameters['id']!
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),
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),
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],
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),
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GoRoute(
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path: '/profile',
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builder: (context, state) => const ProfileScreen(),
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),
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],
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);
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```
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### 2. **State Management with Provider**
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```dart
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import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
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import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
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import 'dart:convert';
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class User {
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final String id;
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final String name;
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final String email;
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User({required this.id, required this.name, required this.email});
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factory User.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
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return User(
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id: json['id'],
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name: json['name'],
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email: json['email'],
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);
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}
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}
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class UserProvider extends ChangeNotifier {
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User? _user;
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bool _isLoading = false;
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String? _error;
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User? get user => _user;
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bool get isLoading => _isLoading;
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String? get error => _error;
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Future<void> fetchUser(String userId) async {
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_isLoading = true;
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_error = null;
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notifyListeners();
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try {
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final response = await http.get(
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Uri.parse('https://api.example.com/users/$userId'),
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headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
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);
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if (response.statusCode == 200) {
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_user = User.fromJson(jsonDecode(response.body));
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} else {
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_error = 'Failed to fetch user';
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}
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} catch (e) {
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_error = 'Error: ${e.toString()}';
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} finally {
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_isLoading = false;
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notifyListeners();
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}
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}
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void logout() {
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_user = null;
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notifyListeners();
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}
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}
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class ItemsProvider extends ChangeNotifier {
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List<Map<String, dynamic>> _items = [];
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List<Map<String, dynamic>> get items => _items;
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Future<void> fetchItems() async {
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try {
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final response = await http.get(
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Uri.parse('https://api.example.com/items'),
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);
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if (response.statusCode == 200) {
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_items = List<Map<String, dynamic>>.from(
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jsonDecode(response.body) as List
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);
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notifyListeners();
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}
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} catch (e) {
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print('Error fetching items: $e');
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 3. **Screens with Provider Integration**
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```dart
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class HomeScreen extends StatefulWidget {
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const HomeScreen({Key? key}) : super(key: key);
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@override
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State<HomeScreen> createState() => _HomeScreenState();
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}
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class _HomeScreenState extends State<HomeScreen> {
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@override
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void initState() {
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super.initState();
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Future.microtask(() {
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Provider.of<ItemsProvider>(context, listen: false).fetchItems();
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});
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}
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@override
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Widget build(BuildContext context) {
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return Scaffold(
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appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Home Feed')),
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body: Consumer<ItemsProvider>(
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builder: (context, itemsProvider, child) {
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if (itemsProvider.items.isEmpty) {
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return const Center(child: Text('No items found'));
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}
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return ListView.builder(
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itemCount: itemsProvider.items.length,
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itemBuilder: (context, index) {
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final item = itemsProvider.items[index];
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return ItemCard(item: item);
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},
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);
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},
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),
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);
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}
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}
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class ItemCard extends StatelessWidget {
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final Map<String, dynamic> item;
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const ItemCard({required this.item, Key? key}) : super(key: key);
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@override
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Widget build(BuildContext context) {
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return Card(
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margin: const EdgeInsets.all(8),
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child: ListTile(
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title: Text(item['title'] ?? 'Untitled'),
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subtitle: Text(item['description'] ?? ''),
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trailing: const Icon(Icons.arrow_forward),
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onTap: () => context.go('/details/${item['id']}'),
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),
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);
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}
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}
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class DetailsScreen extends StatelessWidget {
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final String itemId;
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const DetailsScreen({required this.itemId, Key? key}) : super(key: key);
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@override
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Widget build(BuildContext context) {
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return Scaffold(
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appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Details')),
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body: Center(
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child: Column(
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mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
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children: [
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Text('Item ID: $itemId', style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 18)),
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const SizedBox(height: 16),
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ElevatedButton(
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onPressed: () => context.pop(),
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child: const Text('Go Back'),
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),
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],
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),
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),
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);
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}
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}
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class ProfileScreen extends StatelessWidget {
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const ProfileScreen({Key? key}) : super(key: key);
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@override
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Widget build(BuildContext context) {
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return Scaffold(
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appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Profile')),
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body: Consumer<UserProvider>(
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builder: (context, userProvider, child) {
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if (userProvider.isLoading) {
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return const Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator());
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}
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if (userProvider.error != null) {
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return Center(child: Text('Error: ${userProvider.error}'));
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}
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final user = userProvider.user;
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if (user == null) {
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return const Center(child: Text('No user data'));
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}
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return Padding(
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padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
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child: Column(
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crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
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children: [
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Text('Name: ${user.name}', style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 18)),
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Text('Email: ${user.email}', style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 16)),
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const SizedBox(height: 16),
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ElevatedButton(
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onPressed: () => userProvider.logout(),
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child: const Text('Logout'),
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),
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],
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),
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);
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},
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),
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);
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}
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}
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```
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## Best Practices
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### ✅ DO
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- Use widgets for every UI element
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- Implement proper state management
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- Use const constructors where possible
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- Dispose resources in state lifecycle
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- Test on multiple device sizes
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- Use meaningful widget names
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- Implement error handling
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- Use responsive design patterns
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- Test on both iOS and Android
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- Document custom widgets
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### ❌ DON'T
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- Build entire screens in build() method
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- Use setState for complex state logic
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- Make network calls in build()
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- Ignore platform differences
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- Create overly nested widget trees
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- Hardcode strings
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- Ignore performance warnings
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- Skip testing
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- Forget to handle edge cases
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- Deploy without thorough testing
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